Dr Sizo Nkala

The UN Human Rights Council (UNHRC) adopted a resolution on April 5 that demanded that states stop the transfer or sale of arms to Israel. This comes amid Israel’s war on Palestine, which started in retaliation to an attack by Hamas on October 7 last year.

Since the beginning of the war, more than 30,000 Palestinians in Gaza have been killed and more than a million forced out of their homes. Many of the dead have been women and children. Israel has been accused of indiscriminate attack on Palestinians and aid workers. On April 2, an Israeli air strike killed seven aid workers from the World Central Kitchen who were part of an aid convoy going to deliver aid to Palestinians in Gaza.

South Africa dragged Israel to the International Court of Justice (ICJ) last year accusing it of perpetrating genocide in Palestine. The ICJ ruled that Israel must stop killing and harming Palestinians and stop creating conditions that would lead to their destruction.

The US, which voted against the UNHRC resolution, and Germany are the biggest sources of Israel’s weapons imports, at 68% and 30% respectively. Other suppliers, although small, include the UK, Australia and Italy. There have been successful campaigns that have seen various countries, namely Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Japan, Spain and the Netherlands, halting the export of weapons to Israel. In the UK, the government has said it would continue exporting weapons to Israel despite a spirited campaign by legal practitioners, academics and judges warning that the government might be violating international law by its continued supply of arms to Israel. Nicaragua also took the German government to the ICJ, alleging that its weapons exports to Israel were aiding and abetting a genocide. It asked the court to issue an order stopping the German government from sending arms to Israel.

The US government looks hell-bent on keeping its status as Israel’s largest arms supplier. This year, the US Senate approved a bill that would provide more than $14 billion (R262bn) in arms supplies to Israel. Although the UNHRC resolution is non-binding and does not have the power to halt a country’s supply of weapons to Israel, it is an important addition to a growing campaign to stop Israel’s arms supplies.

The resolution also raises an issue that is relevant for Africa – a continent bedevilled by numerous conflicts in 16 countries including Somalia, Sudan, Libya, the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Nigeria, Ethiopia and Mozambique.

As a result, 40 million Africans have reportedly been displaced and forced to leave their homes. The conflicts are often facilitated and sustained by illicit and illegal arms supplies from external actors. In the DRC, Rwanda has been accused of supplying the M23 rebels with arms, while the United Arab Emirates and Chad have been fingered as weapons suppliers for the Rapid Support Forces (RSF) that have been fighting the Sudanese government for close to a year. The RSF has allegedly committed atrocities against civilians including enforced disappearance, rape and murder.

Terrorism has also been on the rise in the Sahel region and the Horn of Africa and has wreaked untold havoc in the countries in those regions. Terrorist groups, such as Boko Haram in Nigeria and al-Shabaab in Somalia, continue to commit crimes against humanity through murder, abduction and torture.

More than 22,000 people were killed by terrorist groups operating across Africa. Perhaps aware of the impact of weapons supply chains on endemic conflicts that have destroyed communities and lives, 10 out of 13 African countries that are represented in the UNHRC voted in favour of the resolution.

Malawi opted to vote against while Cameroon and Benin settled for abstention. An arms embargo was imposed on apartheid South Africa by the UN in the 1970s, under accusations of abusing the human rights of the black population in the country. The UN also imposed an arms embargo on Libya in the wake of the outbreak of the civil war in 2011 that contributed to the collapse of the Muammar Gaddafi administration. Libya is embroiled in what seems to be an intractable conflict that is sustained illicit arms flows.

The issue of arms supplies that fuel conflict in Africa deserves attention from the highest levels of global and continental leadership. The strict monitoring of arms supply chains is important in reducing the scourge of conflicts in Africa and the world over. In the same manner, it is only through cutting Israel’s arms supplies that will stop its atrocities in Gaza.

*Dr Nkala is A Research Fellow at the University of Johannesburg’s Centre for Africa-China Studies

**The views expressed do not necessarily reflect the views of Independent Media or IOL

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UN resolution on Israel raises issue of arm sales in Africa